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WAF vs. Firewall Manager vs. Shield

Overview

AWS offers complementary services for application and network security:
Service
Purpose
Scope
AWS WAF
Layer 7 (HTTP/S) Web Application Firewall for filtering, monitoring, and blocking traffic
Per-resource
AWS Shield
DDoS protection at Layer 3/4 (Standard) and Layer 3–7 (Advanced)
Per-resource
AWS Firewall Manager
Centralized management of WAF, Shield, Security Groups, and Network Firewall policies across accounts
Multi-account via AWS Organizations

When to Use Each

  • AWS WAF – For creating custom Layer 7 rules to protect specific applications (e.g., ALB, API Gateway, CloudFront).
  • AWS Firewall Manager – For organization-wide policy enforcement, applying WAF, Shield, or security group rules automatically to new and existing resources across accounts.
  • AWS Shield Advanced – For enhanced DDoS protection, 24/7 access to the AWS Shield Response Team, detailed attack diagnostics, and cost protection for scaling during attacks.

Combined Approach

  • WAF handles granular web traffic filtering.
  • Shield Advanced protects from large-scale Layer 3–7 DDoS attacks and provides operational support.
  • Firewall Manager deploys and manages these protections consistently across multiple accounts and regions.